Electrical measurements

In this module we will learn the most important principles of making electrical measurements in general, i.e., to obtain voltages and currents using the appropriate instruments and connections, and to understand and minimize sources of error. Furthermore, we will discuss selected electrical measurement methods used to obtain chemical and physical information of liquids, solids, and interfaces. In addition to DC methods we will focus on AC measurements and impedance spectroscopy. As practical skills we aim at the end of the course to-Be able to perform simple electrical measurements of voltage, current, and resistance, as well as more sophisticated, scientific electrical measurements,-master handheld and more accurate stationary multimeters and understand their differences,-have some knowledge of use of AC signals, AC generators, and an oscilloscope,-have some knowledge of use of a potentiostat/galvanostat,-have some knowledge of use of impedance spectrometers. The course is considered passed when the student has fulfilled all of the following:-attended a major part of the lectures,-done all exercises, filled in the result forms, and had them accepted by the lecturer,-calculated the electrical response of a hypothetical sample or a circuit as provided by the lecturer, and presented the result in a short (2-3 page) report, or deconvoluted an impedance spectrum measured by the student or provided by the lecturer using EQUIVCRT software.